What city is being spoken of here? Of course, first of all Jerusalem, for Zephaniah addresses its inhabitants directly. Yet one gets the impression that not only Jerusalemites are being discussed here, and it is hardly by chance that prophecies of retribution for the sins of the Judeans alternate with rebukes of their pagan neighbors. So we can apparently apply what is said both to the former and to the latter.
But precisely for this reason it is useful once again to reflect: is the prophet addressing only his contemporaries, or do his words also refer to people of other ages, right up to our own time? Around us even today we can see the same lawlessness as thousands of years ago, and not only see it! We ourselves have more than once taken part in it, so even now woe to the sinful and defiled city...
But even after the prophecy has announced the coming outpouring of the fury of the Lord's wrath, we hear an astonishing promise of pure lips that will be given to all peoples so that they may praise the Creator. In His wrath the Lord destroys every impurity, but He also cleanses from it all who turn to Him. Before us is an important witness: the sentence against a sinful people can be canceled if the people leave the paths of wickedness.
